Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1963
ASCII Adopted as Standard

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) was adopted as a standard in 1963. This code is a character encoding system that assigns unique numbers to represent each letter and character of the alphabet. ASCII has played a significant role in both computer and digital art. In computer art, ASCII characters have been used to create images, designs, and animations, with artists utilizing the unique visual properties of ASCII characters to create often abstract works. Well known examples include Kenneth Knowlton and Leon Harmon’s Computer Nude (Studies in Perception I) (1966) and Vuk Ćosić’s Deep ASCII (1998). In digital art, ASCII has been used as a tool for text-based art with artists using characters to create intricate typographic compositions and designs. Overall, ASCII has provided artists with a powerful tool for creating digital works that are both visually unique and highly flexible. In terms of its importance at the time, ASCII allowed computers to communicate with each other in a standardized way, regardless of manufacturer or operating system. This meant that data could be easily transferred between different computers and devices, which helped to facilitate the growth of the digital age.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Ken Knowlton, Leon Harmon, Vuk Ćosić
Movements
ASCII Art, computer art, generative art
Filed under
- Ideas
- Computer Text, digital art, generative art, typography
- Technologies
- ASCII, ASCII Art, character encoding, computer art
- People
- Ken Knowlton, Leon Harmon, Vuk Ćosić
- Works
- Computer Nude (Studies in Perception I), Deep ASCII, Standard, Studies
- Exhibitions
- Information
- Organisations
- Operating System
Related moments
- 1967 · Computer Nude (Studies in Perception I) by Leon Harmon and Ken Knowlton
- 1999 · Raging Bull and Deep ASCII by Vuk Cosic
Echoes across time
- 1999 · Raging Bull and Deep ASCII by Vuk Cosic
- 2011 · Len Sassaman ASCII Tribute on Bitcoin
- 2001 · Alphabet Synthesis Machine by Golan Levin
Le Random editorials
- Infinite Images, Finite Control, Kevin Buist, July 28, 2025
- The memoir of a net.art memoir!, Vuk Ćosić, April 4, 2024
- DEAFBEEF on (Im)permanence, Peter Bauman, September 20, 2023
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 7—Net Era (1990s) with Auriea Harvey, Joshua Davis, LIA, Scott Draves & Vuk Ćosić — listen with transcript on Le Random (11 Apr 2024, 77 min). Featuring Vuk Ćosić. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Transcript mentions ASCII. Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Digital Curators Series 02—Regina Harsanyi & Jon Ippolito on Preserving the Digital — listen with transcript on Le Random (04 Nov 2024, 79 min). Transcript mentions ASCII. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify