Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 6: Personal Computer Era (1980s)

1985

Calculated Movements by Larry Cuba

Artwork · North America · Top Moment

A frame from Larry Cuba's Calculated Movements (1985), showing the solid bar-forms he could build once he moved to the raster-graphics Datamax UV-1 and Tom DeFanti's ZGRASS language.
A frame from Larry Cuba's Calculated Movements (1985), showing the solid bar-forms he could build once he moved to the raster-graphics Datamax UV-1 and Tom DeFanti's ZGRASS language. Larry Cuba, Calculated Movements, 1985. ACM SIGGRAPH History Archives.

In this masterpiece of computer animation, Calculated Movements, Larry Cuba demonstrates his painstaking method of computer animation, creating elaborately choreographed scenes using basic elements that are repeated and arranged in a hierarchical fashion. As each level builds on the one before it, Gene Youngblood wrote that “if there is a Bach of abstract animation it is Larry Cuba,” creating aesthetically stunning compositions with intricate mathematical structures and cascading designs. Inspired by abstract animation pioneers such as Viking Eggeling and Oskar Fischinger, Cuba created Calculated Movements at his Santa Cruz studio with a Datamax UV-1 personal computer and Tom DeFanti’s ZGRASS graphics language. Cuba could now work with solid areas and volumes, breaking away from the conventional dot-based rendering thanks to this raster-graphics system.

Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.

Sources

People

Gene Youngblood, Larry Cuba, Oskar Fischinger, Tom DeFanti, Viking Eggeling

Movements

computer animation

Filed under

Ideas
abstraction, mathematics
Technologies
computer animation, computer art, Datamax, raster graphics, UV-1, Zgrass
People
Gene Youngblood, Larry Cuba, Oskar Fischinger, Tom DeFanti, Viking Eggeling
Works
Calculated Movements
Places
Santa Cruz
Other subjects
Bach

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