Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 6: Personal Computer Era (1980s)
1985
Calculated Movements by Larry Cuba

In this masterpiece of computer animation, Calculated Movements, Larry Cuba demonstrates his painstaking method of computer animation, creating elaborately choreographed scenes using basic elements that are repeated and arranged in a hierarchical fashion. As each level builds on the one before it, Gene Youngblood wrote that “if there is a Bach of abstract animation it is Larry Cuba,” creating aesthetically stunning compositions with intricate mathematical structures and cascading designs. Inspired by abstract animation pioneers such as Viking Eggeling and Oskar Fischinger, Cuba created Calculated Movements at his Santa Cruz studio with a Datamax UV-1 personal computer and Tom DeFanti’s ZGRASS graphics language. Cuba could now work with solid areas and volumes, breaking away from the conventional dot-based rendering thanks to this raster-graphics system.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Gene Youngblood, Larry Cuba, Oskar Fischinger, Tom DeFanti, Viking Eggeling
Movements
computer animation
Filed under
- Ideas
- abstraction, mathematics
- Technologies
- computer animation, computer art, Datamax, raster graphics, UV-1, Zgrass
- People
- Gene Youngblood, Larry Cuba, Oskar Fischinger, Tom DeFanti, Viking Eggeling
- Works
- Calculated Movements
- Places
- Santa Cruz
- Other subjects
- Bach
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1967 · Hummingbird by Charles Csuri
- 1968 · "On the Path to Computer Art” by the Parallel Group
- 1968 · Notable computer artworks
Le Random editorials
- Larry Cuba on Choreographing Form, Peter Bauman, July 1, 2024
- Barbara London on New Territory, Peter Bauman, February 11, 2025
- Copper Giloth on Video Games to Video Art, Peter Bauman, September 22, 2025