Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 9: AI Era (2010s)
2018
Chaos Machine by Distributed Gallery

Chaos Machine demonstrates the breadth and materiality of blockchain-based generative art. Distributed Gallery unveiled the Chaos Machine—a unique crypto-jukebox artwork—during the Proof of Work exhibition at the Schinkel Pavillon in Berlin and curated by Simon Denny in September, 2018. This exhibition featured an eclectic lineup, including CryptoKitties and Harm van den Dorpel. The piece itself was constructed from oak wood, steel, slate, and glass. This 192 cm tall installation burns banknotes to play user-generated music playlists stored on the Ethereum blockchain via IPFS technology. Burning a banknote mints an NFT and prints a QR code, allowing new songs to be added to the playlist. The early material-blockchain generative work has been exhibited in multiple prestigious venues, including the Kate Vass Galerie in Zurich and the FIAC in Paris. These early experiments with NFTs by artists like Simon Denny and Robbie Barrat demonstrate how artist-led the movement was prior to the popularization of NFTs in 2021.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Harm van den Dorpel, Kate Vass, Robbie Barrat, Simon Denny
Movements
Blockchain Art, Ethereum Art, Material Generative Art, NFT Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- audience participation, Blockchain Art, destruction, Ethereum Art, generative art, Installation Art, Material Generative Art, materiality, music, NFT Art, value
- Technologies
- blockchain, Ethereum, IPFS, NFTs, proof of work, QR code
- People
- Harm van den Dorpel, Kate Vass, Robbie Barrat, Simon Denny
- Works
- Chaos Machine, CryptoKitties
- Organisations
- Distributed Gallery, FIAC, Kate Vass Galerie, Schinkel Pavillon
- Places
- Berlin, Paris, Zurich
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1979 · Cybernetic Symbiosis, Berkeley: Lawrence Hall of Science
- 1973 · France Hosts International Computer Art Events
- 1969 · Computerkunst - On the Eve of Tomorrow Exhibition in Hanover
Le Random editorials
- Simon Denny on Society, Technology and Art, Peter Bauman, September 17, 2024
- Kate Vass on Rethinking Art Collecting, thefunnyguys, August 9, 2023
- Jason Bailey, Georg Bak & Kate Vass on the Art Form of Our Generation, Peter Bauman, May 29, 2024
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 2—Modern Era with Kate Vass — listen with transcript on Le Random (20 Jul 2023, 58 min). Featuring Kate Vass. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 9—AI Era (2010s) with Tyler Hobbs, Helena Sarin, Rhea Myers & Gene Kogan — listen with transcript on Le Random (30 Jul 2024, 51 min). Chapter 9’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify