Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1968
Charles Csuri Carves a Computer-Defined Surface in Wood

One of the earliest instances of a digitally modeled sculpture and something approaching 3D printing resulted from Charles Csuri testing a computer's outputs beyond the plotter and film.
For Numeric Milling (1968) one of his collaborators at Ohio State wrote a tool for defining a mathematical surface, the form later known as the Ferguson patch. Csuri had that surface carved in wood on a milling machine in the university’s engineering department. Robert Mallary's Quad III, shown at Cybernetic Serendipity, is another example from this time of computer-generated sculpture.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
- Wayne E. Carlson. Computer Graphics and Computer Animation: A Retrospective Overview. p. 102-103. The Ohio State University Press.
- https://archive.org/details/ETC3236/page/n1/mode/1up
People
Movements
computer art, Generative Sculpture
Filed under
- Ideas
- Generative Sculpture, sculpture
- Technologies
- 3D printing, computer art
- People
- Charles Csuri
- Organisations
- Ohio State University
- Other subjects
- fabrication, Ferguson patch, milling machine, Numeric Milling
Le Random editorials
- A. Michael Noll on When It All Started, A. Michael Noll, March 25, 2025
- Kate Vass on Rethinking Art Collecting, thefunnyguys, August 9, 2023
- New Histories: Previewing Autumn 2026 in Art and Technology, Peter Bauman with Corinna Gardner, Michael Spalter, Leyla Fakhr, Erick Calderon, Sofia Garcia, Lowbie and quasimatt, September 14, 2026
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify