Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 10: On-Chain Era (2020s)
2023
Coded: Art Enters the Computer Age, 1952-1982 at LACMA

Unlike many of the previous exhibitions at major museums that celebrated art and technology, Coded did not go so far as to showcase any contemporary practitioners of code-based art; however, the show was instrumental in recontextualizing and legitimizing four decades of history in art and technology. Coded highlighted how artists from 1952 to 1982 harnessed early computing technology. The exhibition, featuring 100 works by pioneers like Vera Molnár, Frieder Nake and Stan VanDerBeek, institutionalizes the evolution of generative practices and digital systems aesthetics. This landmark showcase, curated with historical precision by Leslie Jones, illustrates the foundational role of algorithmic, systems thinking and programming in the history of art. Anne and Michael Spalter provided work for the show through their Anne and Michael Spalter Digital Art Collection. The show was also largely supported by digital art patrons Carl & Marilynn Thoma, whose Thoma Foundation funds nearly every major digital art exhitition in the United States. Ultimately, Coded provided much absent contextualization to a movement long overlooked, while signaling the upswing in digital art’s evolving relationship with institutions.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Anne Spalter, Carl Thoma, Frieder Nake, Leslie Jones, Marilynn Thoma, Michael Spalter, Stan VanDerBeek, Vera Molnár
Movements
computer art, generative art, software art, Technology and Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- computer art history, curation, digital art, generative art, institutional recognition, institutions, legitimacy, patronage, systems aesthetics, systems thinking, Technology and Art
- Technologies
- code-based art, computer art, programming, software art
- People
- Anne Spalter, Carl Thoma, Frieder Nake, Leslie Jones, Marilynn Thoma, Michael Spalter, Stan VanDerBeek, Vera Molnár
- Works
- Art and Technology
- Exhibitions
- Coded: Art Enters the Computer Age, 1952–1982
- Organisations
- Carl & Marilynn Thoma Art Foundation, LACMA, Spalter Digital
- Places
- Los Angeles, United States
Echoes across time
- 2002 · Golan Levin and Casey Reas, The Art of Code at Bitforms, New York
- 2006 · 20th Century Computer Art at Tama Art University Museum, Tokyo
- 1993 · Computer Art No More
Le Random editorials
- Frieder Nake on “Machinic” Miracles, Peter Bauman, July 10, 2024
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Featuring Michael Spalter. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Elevating the Generative Art Space (Launch Episode) with Casey Reas, ciphrd, Anne Spalter, Anika Meier & Georg Bak — listen with transcript on Le Random (28 Jun 2023, 52 min). Featuring Anne Spalter. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Interview with Frieder Nake — listen with transcript on Le Random (16 Jul 2024, 41 min). Featuring Frieder Nake. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 10—On-Chain Era (2020s) with Erick Calderon, Lauren Lee McCarthy, Itzel Yard & Rafael Lozano-Hemmer — listen with transcript on Le Random (02 Sep 2024, 63 min). Chapter 10’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify