Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 10: On-Chain Era (2020s)
2021
DALL-E Launched

We open January 2021 with a bang. This consequential deep learning model designed by OpenAI “generates”—as in creates—digital images from natural language descriptions. Utilizing a 12-billion parameter version of the GPT-3 neural network, DALL-E marked a significant advancement in AI-driven generativity. This launch opened the text-to-image race that continues today between DALL-E, Stable Diffusion and Midjourney. Although introduced at the very beginning of 2021, DALL-E and text-to-image generation did not receive mainstream attention until nearly a year later. This is because DALL-E 1 generated images autoregressively from discrete image tokens, which was computationally expensive and slow. It wasn’t until almost exactly a year later, in late December 2021, that the concept of latent diffusion models was introduced, which significantly reduced the computational requirements and decreased costs. This advancement would light the fire of mass adoption of the emerging technology.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
Movements
artificial intelligence, generative AI, Machine Learning Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- ai art, ai image generation, technology adoption
- Technologies
- artificial intelligence, autoregressive models, DALL-E, deep learning, diffusion models, generative AI, GPT-3, latent diffusion models (LDMs), Midjourney, neural networks, Stable Diffusion, text-to-image
- Organisations
- OpenAI
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Echoes across time
- 2009 · ImageNet Launches
- 2002 · Doug Eck Advances Neural Network Creative Expression
- 1990 · Jürgen Schmidhuber Proposes Artificial Curiosity
Le Random editorials
- Post(human)-AI Art, Peter Bauman, August 4, 2025
- Meandering with AI, Kevin Buist, April 29, 2025
- Seams and Synthesis: Schizocollage and AI Aesthetics, Brian Droitcour, February 2, 2026
- A Mean Defense, Peter Bauman, May 19, 2025
Le Random podcast
- Digital Curators Series 02—Regina Harsanyi & Jon Ippolito on Preserving the Digital — listen with transcript on Le Random (04 Nov 2024, 79 min). Transcript mentions DALL-E. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 10—On-Chain Era (2020s) with Erick Calderon, Lauren Lee McCarthy, Itzel Yard & Rafael Lozano-Hemmer — listen with transcript on Le Random (02 Sep 2024, 63 min). Chapter 10’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify