Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 2: Modern Era (1850–1949)

1949

Donald Hebb Publishes The Organization of Behavior

Publication · Canada

The title page of the 1949 first edition of Hebb's The Organization of Behavior.
The title page of the 1949 first edition of Hebb's The Organization of Behavior. Title page of D. O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1949). Internet Archive.

It was around this mid-century turn in history when the advancements in neuroscience provided scientists in many different fields, a better understanding of the inner-workings of the human brain, neurons. This is critical because science and technology influence each other. And this work would provide future computer scientists (see Rosenblatt below) a brain-based model on which to inspire their work.

The paper itself was by McGill University psychologist Donald O. Hebb, who published The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. He proposed that when one nerve cell repeatedly takes part in firing another, some growth process or metabolic change makes the first more efficient at firing the second. Frequently repeated stimulation would build groups of such cells, which he called cell assemblies, and he described a series of their actions as the thought process.

Early AI researcher Frank Rosenblatt named Hebb’s work as an inspiration for his 1958 perceptron. The slogan “cells that fire together, wire together” came later, from the neurobiologist Carla Shatz in a 1992 Scientific American article.

Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.

Sources

People

Carla Shatz, Donald O. Hebb, Frank Rosenblatt

Movements

artificial intelligence

Filed under

Ideas
biology, cognition, learning, memory, neuroscience
Technologies
artificial intelligence, connectionism, machine learning, neural networks
People
Carla Shatz, Donald O. Hebb, Frank Rosenblatt
Works
The Organization of Behavior
Places
Canada

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