Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 10: On-Chain Era (2020s)
2024
Harold Cohen: AARON at Whitney

Opening just one day after MOMI’s Harvey exhibition, famed curator Christiane Paul’s Harold Cohen: AARON at The Whitney Museum’s looked at another seminal media art pioneer.
This author spoke to curator Christiane about the show, which showcased the work of the symbolic AI artmaking program AARON developed by Harold Cohen (1928–2016). Originally conceived in the late 1960s and early 1970s at UC San Diego, AARON was an ongoing experiment in translating artistic knowledge—even an entire practice, a self portrait—into code.
The exhibition featured Cohen’s plotter-generated drawings, painting-machine works and live demonstrations of AARON in action. Positioned against the rise of modern AI tools like DALL-E and Midjourney, the show provided much-needed historical context on AI-driven creativity, authorship and collaboration, emphasizing Cohen’s vision of full machine autonomy in art.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Movements
generative art, artificial intelligence, Plotter Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- Algorithmic Art, authorship, autonomy, collaboration, creativity, curation, knowledge systems
- Technologies
- artificial intelligence, computer art, DALL-E, Midjourney, painting machines, plotter, symbolic AI
- People
- Christiane Paul, Harold Cohen
- Works
- AARON
- Exhibitions
- Harold Cohen: AARON
- Organisations
- Museum of the Moving Image, UC San Diego, Whitney Museum of American Art
- Places
- New York
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1973 · Harold Cohen Pioneers AI Art with AARON
- 1983 · Harold Cohen’s Arnolfini Series
- 1964 · First Piece of Computer Art Criticism by Arnold Rockman and Leslie Mezei
Le Random editorials
- Christiane Paul on Curating Cohen’s AARON, Peter Bauman, January 29, 2024
- Christiane Paul on Defining AI Art, Peter Bauman, April 23, 2025
- Demystifying Generative Autonomy, Peter Bauman, December 12, 2024
- New York City Digital Art Guide, LoVid, Emily Edelman, Josh Yakov, Peter Bauman, May 5, 2025
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 8—Tooling Era (2000s) with Christiane Paul, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer & Golan Levin — listen with transcript on Le Random (15 May 2024, 64 min). Featuring Christiane Paul. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 7—Net Era (1990s) with Auriea Harvey, Joshua Davis, LIA, Scott Draves & Vuk Ćosić — listen with transcript on Le Random (11 Apr 2024, 77 min). Transcript mentions Harold Cohen. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Digital Curators Series 03—Val Ravaglia on Displaying the Digital — listen with transcript on Le Random (04 Feb 2025, 54 min). Transcript mentions Harold Cohen. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 10—On-Chain Era (2020s) with Erick Calderon, Lauren Lee McCarthy, Itzel Yard & Rafael Lozano-Hemmer — listen with transcript on Le Random (02 Sep 2024, 63 min). Chapter 10’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify