Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 8: Tooling Era (2000s)
2001
Inaugural Exhibition at bitforms: Casey Reas’s first commercial gallery showing

This show is the first for the newly opened gallery, bitforms, which would help to reintroduce the fine art world to technology and art at the turn of the millennium.
Founded by Steve Sacks, bitforms opened its doors in 2001 with Inaugural Exhibition. The new Chelsea gallery aimed to “celebrate the nexus of art and technology,” serving as "a forum to display digital and digitally inspired art.”
The opening of bitforms in 2001, combined with the release of Processing by Casey Reas and Ben Fry to reinvigorate code-based art.
Inaugural Exhibition featured Casey Reas along with Golan Levin, Dorothy Krause and four others. Reas’s displayed work, Path series, would go on to become Tissue, exhibited as software the following year at bitforms and in 2021 as Phototaxis on Art Blocks. Path and Tissue can even be seen as primitive-AI work. Reas himself explains in Medium:
“Late in my time studying Media Arts and Sciences as a graduate student at MIT, I found my way into an Artificial Intelligence class taught by Rodney Brooks. In that class, I was introduced to the book Vehicles written by the neuroanatomist Valentino Braitenberg. The ideas in this short but profound book were the origin for the Path and Tissue prints that I created 2001–03. Braitenberg’s “vehicles” are minimal, simulated bodies that have behaviors similar to living organisms. Through writing code, I interpreted these organisms as software machines for drawing.”
Beyond the Reas and Levin show, a year later, Manfred Mohr would open the first of his several solo shows at bitforms. It featured works spanning the first three decades of the digital generative art pioneer’s career.
Bitforms continues to showcase the depth and breadth of contemporary, digitally inspired art. It has exhibited pieces spanning from the hand-woven linen textiles of Beryl Korot to works utilizing quantum computing by Refik Anadol.
In the 22 years since Inaugural Exhibition, bitforms has provided a critical space for the intersection of art and technology to flourish. It has continued a decades-long tradition to which New York has contributed so much.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Ben Fry, Beryl Korot, Casey Reas, Dorothy Krause, Golan Levin, Manfred Mohr, Refik Anadol, Rodney Brooks, Steve Sacks, Valentino Braitenberg
Movements
computer art, generative art, Technology and Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- artificial life, galleries, generative art, Technology and Art, textiles
- Technologies
- artificial intelligence, code-based art, computer art, Processing, quantum computing, software art
- People
- Ben Fry, Beryl Korot, Casey Reas, Dorothy Krause, Golan Levin, Manfred Mohr, Refik Anadol, Rodney Brooks, Steve Sacks, Valentino Braitenberg
- Works
- Art and Technology, Path, Phototaxis, Tissue, Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology
- Organisations
- Art Blocks, bitforms, MIT
- Places
- Chelsea, New York
Related moments
- 2000 · Enter Y2K
- 2001 · Casey Reas and Ben Fry Initiate Processing Project
- 2020 · Art Blocks Brings Generative Art On Chain
Echoes across time
- 2023 · Coded: Art Enters the Computer Age, 1952-1982 at LACMA
- 1970 · Generación Automática de Formas Plásticas Exhibition at the Centro de Cálculo of the University of Madrid
- 1968 · "On the Path to Computer Art” by the Parallel Group
Le Random editorials
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 1, Peter Bauman, June 22, 2023
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 2, Peter Bauman, July 5, 2023
- Casey Reas, Lauren Lee McCarthy & Chandler McWilliams on Expanding Software, Peter Bauman, August 20, 2024
- Golan Levin on the Potentiality of Blobs, Peter Bauman, January 10, 2024
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 8—Tooling Era (2000s) with Christiane Paul, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer & Golan Levin — listen with transcript on Le Random (15 May 2024, 64 min). Featuring Casey Reas, Golan Levin. Chapter 8’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Elevating the Generative Art Space (Launch Episode) with Casey Reas, ciphrd, Anne Spalter, Anika Meier & Georg Bak — listen with transcript on Le Random (28 Jun 2023, 52 min). Featuring Casey Reas. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 1—Pre-Modern Era with Marius Watz — listen with transcript on Le Random (06 Jul 2023, 46 min). Transcript mentions Casey Reas. Apple Podcasts · Spotify