Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1961
Invention of the Zuse Graphomat Z 64

Presented for the first time at the Hanover Fair, this revolutionary drawing machine would be used by early computer pioneers such as Georg Nees and Frieder Nake. Designed by the prolific German engineer Konrad Zuse, the Z 64 was one of the first computer-driven plotters, allowing artists to create precise geometric shapes and patterns on paper, translated from computer code. The Graphomat Z 64 was particularly important for computer art because it allowed artists to create complex and precise works without the need for manual labor. This made it possible to create large-scale works that would have been impossible with traditional artistic methods. The Graphomat Z 64 helped to pave the way for the development of computer art and inspired a generation of artists to explore new forms of digital expression, enabled by the Graphomat.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Frieder Nake, Georg Nees, Konrad Zuse
Movements
computer art, generative art
Filed under
- Ideas
- generative art
- Technologies
- computer art, computer-generated drawings, drawing machine, plotter, Plotter Art, Zuse Graphomat Z64
- People
- Frieder Nake, Georg Nees, Konrad Zuse
- Organisations
- Hanover Fair
- Places
- Germany, Hannover
Related moments
- 1941 · Konrad Zuse Completes the Z3
- 1966 · Composition with Squares and "Walk-through-Raster” by Frieder Nake
Echoes across time
- 1983 · Harold Cohen’s Arnolfini Series
- 1985 · Emerging Expressions at the Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York
- 1985 · Mark Wilson, Skew J17
Le Random editorials
- Frieder Nake on “Machinic” Miracles, Peter Bauman, July 10, 2024
Le Random podcast
- Interview with Frieder Nake — listen with transcript on Le Random (16 Jul 2024, 41 min). Featuring Frieder Nake. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify