Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1960
John Whitney Sr. Founds Motion Graphics Incorporated

John Whitney Sr., pioneer in the field of computer-generated art and animation, founded Motion Graphics Incorporated. It became one of the first companies to use computers for creating graphics and animation. Whitney’s work and innovations would normalize the use of computers in the creative arts and had a profound impact on the development of computer generated images. The work at Motion Graphics was largely completed by a mechanical analog computer built by Whitney himself that controlled cameras above the artwork, a technique he used for the film Vertigo in 1958. He used this invention to create other film and television title sequences and commercials. While mechanical, Whitney’s machines anticipated future computer software.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Movements
computer animation, computer art, Motion Graphics
Filed under
- Ideas
- advertising, Analog Computer Art, animation, Computer Film, film, title sequence
- Technologies
- analog computing, computer animation, computer art, computer graphics
- People
- John Whitney
- Works
- Vertigo
- Organisations
- Motion Graphics Incorporated
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1984 · Robert Abel and Associates Produce the First Computer-Generated Commercial, Brilliance
- 1986 · Pixar purchased from Lucasfilm by Steve Jobs
- 2012 · Parallel 1 by Harun Farocki
Le Random editorials
- Larry Cuba on Choreographing Form, Peter Bauman, July 1, 2024
- Colette Bangert on Growing Visually, Peter Bauman, May 7, 2024
- Zach Lieberman on the Resonance of Generative Art, Peter Bauman, August 2, 2023
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 2, Peter Bauman, July 5, 2023
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 3—Analog Era (1950s) with Georg Bak — listen with transcript on Le Random (10 Aug 2023, 65 min). Transcript mentions John Whitney. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Transcript mentions John Whitney. Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 6—Personal Computer Era (1980s) with Mark Wilson, Copper Giloth, Dan Sandin, David Em, William Latham, Stephen Todd, Darcy Gerbarg & Geoff Davis — listen with transcript on Le Random (08 Feb 2024, 85 min). Transcript mentions John Whitney. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify