Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1964
Marshall McLuhan Published Book "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man”

The book that coined the phrase “the medium is the message,” Understand Media is a significant work in media theory and art history. The book expressed McLuhan’s highly influential ideas about media and its effects on human culture and behavior, still relevant today. McLuhan’s ideas would be further explored and greatly inspirational to artists in the second half of the ’60s that would begin experimenting with this new media technology (television, film, computers, audiotape, etc). This would include Robert Rauschenberg, Yvonne Rainer, John Cage, Andy Warhol, and Stan VanDerBeek who would collaborate with engineers from Bell Labs like Billy Klüver, later a founder of EAT. McLuhan argued that the medium through which information is conveyed shapes how people perceive and understand the world around them. It also popularized the idea of the global village. He introduced the concepts of “hot” and “cool” media, and how they influence people’s level of participation and engagement. His ideas also paved the way for later studies on the impact of technology on society, including the internet and of course art.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Andy Warhol, Billy Klüver, John Cage, Marshall McLuhan, Robert Rauschenberg, Stan VanDerBeek, Yvonne Rainer
Movements
Neo-Dada
Filed under
- Ideas
- global village, hot and cool media, media studies, Neo-Dada, New Media Art, perception, Technology and Art, technology and society, the medium is the message
- Technologies
- Internet
- People
- Andy Warhol, Billy Klüver, John Cage, Marshall McLuhan, Robert Rauschenberg, Stan VanDerBeek, Yvonne Rainer
- Works
- Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
- Organisations
- Bell Labs, Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.)
Echoes across time
- 2006 · Deep Time of the Media: Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Means by Siegfried Zielinski
- 2011 · Media Archaeology: Approaches, Applications, and Implications by Erkki Huhtamo and Jussi Parikka
- 1989 · Postmodern Currents: Art and Artists in the Age of Electronic Media by Margot Lovejoy
Le Random editorials
- Mario Klingemann & A.I.C.C.A. on Alien Perspective, Peter Bauman, March 10, 2025
Le Random podcast
- Dr. Nancy Perloff on Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) — listen with transcript on Le Random (12 Sep 2024, 48 min). Title mentions: Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.). Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify