Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 7: Net Era (1990s)
1998
MPEG-4 standard announced

An important step in the rise of Mass Media Art, an important pre-condition for NFTs, according to Casey Reas, in October 1998, the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) announced the MPEG-4 standard, ISO/IEC 14496, following the success of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. This global effort involved hundreds of researchers and engineers, resulting in approval of an International Standard by early 1999. Importantly, the fully backward compatible MPEG-4 Version 2 extensions followed, extending capabilities for digital television, interactive graphics and multimedia applications for the early web. Critical to the rise of Madd Media Art, the standard facilitated the integration of production, distribution and content access. It thus laid the foundation for interactive video, CD-ROMs and digital television and their use in creative expression. Further extensions continued into the upcoming decades, ensuring ongoing advancements in multimedia technology.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Movements
digital art, Mass Media Art, Technology and Art, net art
Filed under
- Ideas
- digital art, Mass Media Art, net art, Technology and Art
- Technologies
- CD-ROM, digital television, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, multimedia, NFTs, video, World Wide Web
- People
- Casey Reas
- Works
- Standard
- Organisations
- Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), October
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1969 · TV as a Creative Medium, at the Howard Wise Gallery
- 1970 · Generación Automática de Formas Plásticas Exhibition at the Centro de Cálculo of the University of Madrid
- 1968 · "On the Path to Computer Art” by the Parallel Group
Le Random editorials
- Casey Reas, Lauren Lee McCarthy & Chandler McWilliams on Expanding Software, Peter Bauman, August 20, 2024
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 2, Peter Bauman, July 5, 2023
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 1, Peter Bauman, June 22, 2023
Le Random podcast
- Elevating the Generative Art Space (Launch Episode) with Casey Reas, ciphrd, Anne Spalter, Anika Meier & Georg Bak — listen with transcript on Le Random (28 Jun 2023, 52 min). Featuring Casey Reas. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 8—Tooling Era (2000s) with Christiane Paul, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer & Golan Levin — listen with transcript on Le Random (15 May 2024, 64 min). Featuring Casey Reas. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 7—Net Era (1990s) with Auriea Harvey, Joshua Davis, LIA, Scott Draves & Vuk Ćosić — listen with transcript on Le Random (11 Apr 2024, 77 min). Chapter 7’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify