Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1969
Sonakinatography I Movement #III for Multi-Media by Channa Horwitz

Sonakinatography is the breakthrough series by Horwitz, meaning “sound,” “motion” and “notation.” On graph paper, she plotted the motion of eight entities over time with colors and numbers in 8x8 square grids. This work highlights the relationship between artists, technology and machines.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Movements
generative art, conceptual art
Filed under
- Ideas
- conceptual art, drawing, generative art, Material Generative Art, notation, systems, Technology and Art
- People
- Channa Horwitz
- Works
- Sonakinatography, Sonakinatography I Movement #III for Multi-Media
Echoes across time
- 2003 · Imaginary・Numbers by Keiko Kimoto
- 1913 · 3 Standard Stoppages by Marcel Duchamp
- 2018 · Putting the Pieces Back Together Again by Ralf Baeker
Le Random editorials
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify