Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 8: Tooling Era (2000s)
2003
Substrate, Jared Tarbell

Made with Processing, this 2003 masterpiece by Tarbell highlights one of the powers of generative art and computation: the ability to convey complexity from simplicity.
A single growth rule based on perpendicular growth, from just a single line, manufactures intricate, urban-esque compositions. The simplicity of the rule in Tarbell’s Substrate helped to amplify the power of the new tool to creatives and still stands as a source of inspiration for artists. 2010s generative artist inconvergent wrote: “One of the first pieces of generative art I ever saw and took notice of was Tarbell’s Substrate. It’s a genius algorithm in all it’s simplicity.”
In Jason Bailey’s (Artnome) seminal text, “Why Love Generative Art?” he wrote of Tarbell and Substrate:
“For me, Tarbell’s work is the perfect generative art. It is the poster child for the duality of chaos and control, and has an intense level of visual complexity that slowly emerges from simplicity, making it feel more like it grew out of the soil than coming from algorithms.”
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Anders Hoff (inconvergent), Jared Tarbell, Jason Bailey
Movements
generative art, software art
Filed under
- Ideas
- Algorithmic Art, chaos, complexity, control, emergence, generative art, simplicity
- Technologies
- algorithms, Processing, rule-based systems, software art
- People
- Anders Hoff (inconvergent), Jared Tarbell, Jason Bailey
- Works
- Substrate, Why Love Generative Art?
- Organisations
- Artnome
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1986 · Langton’s Ant
- 1975 · Brian Eno Releases Discreet Music
- 1972 · Edward Lorenz Presents Paper on the Butterfly Effect
Le Random editorials
- Jason Bailey, Georg Bak & Kate Vass on the Art Form of Our Generation, Peter Bauman, May 29, 2024
- Infinite Images, Finite Control, Kevin Buist, July 28, 2025
- Can Art Replace Religion?, Peter Bauman, August 5, 2024
- Demystifying Generative Aesthetics, Peter Bauman, March 21, 2024
Le Random podcast
- Recapping Digital Art in 2Q 2025 — listen with transcript on Le Random (29 Jun 2025, 56 min). Transcript mentions Jared Tarbell. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 8—Tooling Era (2000s) with Christiane Paul, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer & Golan Levin — listen with transcript on Le Random (15 May 2024, 64 min). Chapter 8’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify