Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)

1969

Tendencies 4: Computers and Visual Research at Museum of Contemporary Art Zagreb

Exhibition · Europe · Top Moment

The two-panel poster for Tendencije 4 / Tendencies 4, its field of black-and-white dots printed in the manner of a computer output, with the Croatian and English programme text at the foot of each panel.
The two-panel poster for Tendencije 4 / Tendencies 4, its field of black-and-white dots printed in the manner of a computer output, with the Croatian and English programme text at the foot of each panel. Poster for Tendencije 4 / Tendencies 4, Zagreb. Image: compArt database of digital art (dada), University of Bremen.

Tendencies 4: Computers and Visual Research was a groundbreaking exhibition held at the Gallery of Contemporary Art, Zagreb, today the Museum of Contemporary Art, showcasing the convergence of art and digital technology. It featured the latest computer graphics and computer-programmed work of the time, featuring prominent artists such as Frieder Nake, Georg Nees and A. Michael Noll.

The previous three Tencencies exhibitions earlier in the ’60s focused on op art, cybernetic art and lumino-kinetic sculpture, highlighting the importance of those movements in the genealogy of computer art and digital generative art.

By Tendencies 4 in 1969, the focus had shifted away from the material and toward the digital, spurring the dematerialization of art. Tendencies 4 showcased computer-generated graphics, information theory and conceptual works.

Listen to Peter Bauman’s interview with A. Michael Noll (transcript).

Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.

Sources

People

A. Michael Noll, Frieder Nake, Georg Nees

Movements

computer art, generative art, Lumino-Kinetic Art, New Tendencies

Filed under

Ideas
conceptual art, dematerialization, digital art, generative art, Lumino-Kinetic Art
Technologies
computer art, computer graphics, cybernetics, information theory, kinetic sculpture
People
A. Michael Noll, Frieder Nake, Georg Nees
Exhibitions
Tendencies 4
Organisations
GRAV, Museum of Contemporary Art Zagreb, New Tendencies
Places
Yugoslavia, Zagreb

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