Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 9: AI Era (2010s)
2017
Tezos ICO

Tezos ICO-ed in July, 2017 with a “Proof-of-Stake” (PoS) consensus model, allowing token holders to stake—lock up their coins—to validate new blocks, for which they received additional tokens as a reward. Raising over $230 million, Tezos far surpassed its $20 million target and for a short period, became the largest ICO—an indication of the 2017 crypto-mania in valuations. Tezos, as a PoS model, differed from proof-of-work models like Bitcoin and Ethereum—at that time—in that it was more environmentally friendly, efficient and managed lower fees. These three conditions would lead to Tezos becoming the site of a bohemian digital art market in early 2021. However, its launch would not be so simple, despite the success of its ICO. The record-setting ICO was overshadowed by internal disputes. The newly formed Tezos Foundation, led by Johann Gevers, controlled the funds and was tasked with delivering Tezos tokens (XTZ) to ICO participants. However, conflicts between the Foundation and Tezos creators Kathleen and Arthur Breitman delayed token distribution and prompted class-action lawsuits. Due to these challenges, Tezos development and release were delayed to the following year, in addition to instantly damaging relations with early investors.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Arthur Breitman, Johann Gevers, Kathleen Breitman
Movements
Ethereum Art, NFT Art, Tezos Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- consensus, energy, Ethereum Art, governance, hype cycles, market, NFT Art, sustainability, Tezos Art
- Technologies
- Bitcoin, cryptocurrency, Ethereum, initial coin offering (ICO), proof of work, proof-of-stake, Tezos
- People
- Arthur Breitman, Johann Gevers, Kathleen Breitman
- Organisations
- Tezos Foundation
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1982 · Cryptographer David Chaum First Proposes Blockchain-Like Protocol
- 1979 · Cybernetic Symbiosis, Berkeley: Lawrence Hall of Science
- 1968 · "On the Path to Computer Art” by the Parallel Group
Le Random editorials
- Eli Scheinman on Amplifying the Digital, Peter Bauman, December 3, 2025
- Snowfro and Ciphrd on a Symbiotic Relationship, Peter Bauman, November 30, 2023
- Rhea Myers on Code as Cultural Material, Peter Bauman, September 26, 2023
- The Evolving Platform Ecosystem, Peter Bauman, July 26, 2023
Le Random podcast
- Elevating the Generative Art Space (Launch Episode) with Casey Reas, ciphrd, Anne Spalter, Anika Meier & Georg Bak — listen with transcript on Le Random (28 Jun 2023, 52 min). Transcript mentions Tezos. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- One Year of Le Random — listen with transcript on Le Random (22 Mar 2024, 59 min). Transcript mentions Tezos. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Recapping 2024 and Projecting 2025 in Digital Art — listen with transcript on Le Random (13 Jan 2025, 89 min). Transcript mentions Tezos. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 9—AI Era (2010s) with Tyler Hobbs, Helena Sarin, Rhea Myers & Gene Kogan — listen with transcript on Le Random (30 Jul 2024, 51 min). Chapter 9’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify