Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1964
Time Popularizes Op Art

Despite Victor Vasarely spawning the movement nearly a decade earlier with the manifesto and subsequent exhibition, Le Mouvement, the term “Op Art” was popularized in 1964 by Time Magazine, though its coinage is contested. Op Art and the related Kinetic Art were both focused on motion, perceived or real. Both precipitated the popularization of cybernetic art and the digital motion upcoming with computer-generated art. The culmination of the intersection between Op Art, cybernetic art and proto-digital art emerged at The Responsive Eye at MoMA the following year (1965).
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Movements
computer art, kinetic art, Op Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- Cybernetic Art, Op Art, perception
- Technologies
- computer art, cybernetics, kinetic art
- People
- Victor Vasarely
- Exhibitions
- Le Mouvement, The Responsive Eye
- Organisations
- MoMA, Spawning, Time Magazine
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1920 · Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray create Rotary Glass Plates [Precision Optics]
- 2012 · Ghosts in the Machine at the New Museum, New York
- 2024 · Electric Op at Buffalo AKG
Le Random editorials
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify