Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 10: On-Chain Era (2020s)
2025
Cycles by Material Protocol Arts

Another major protocolic art to start the year, Cycles by Material Protocol Arts is a generative artwork on Ethereum, a self-described network sculpture composed of space and time. The project consists of 512 minted “lenses” arranged into rotating rings, forming a continuously shifting 3D kinetic image. Rather than relying on hosted media, Cycles is computed as a live program, rendered on-chain without external dependencies. Each token is a self-contained, perpetually running visual state. Framed as a meditation on recurrence and change, the work uses rotation and depth to unsettle fixed perception. Cycles, along with Kim Asendorf’s PXL DEX (2025) and Holly Herndon and Mat Dryhurst’s The Call (2024) at Serpentine, all pointed toward the rise of protocol art as a prominent idea at the end of 2024 and beginning of 2025.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random.
Sources
People
Holly Herndon, Kim Asendorf, Mat Dryhurst
Movements
generative art, Ethereum Art, protocol art, Real-Time Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- perception
- Technologies
- 3D animation, Ethereum, on-chain
- People
- Holly Herndon, Kim Asendorf, Mat Dryhurst
- Works
- cycles, PXL DEX, The Call
- Organisations
- Material Protocol Arts, Serpentine
Related moments
Echoes across time
- 1968 · "On the Path to Computer Art” by the Parallel Group
- 1970 · Generación Automática de Formas Plásticas Exhibition at the Centro de Cálculo of the University of Madrid
- 1973 · France Hosts International Computer Art Events
Le Random editorials
- Holly Herndon & Mat Dryhurst on Artificial Psychedelia, Peter Bauman, November 24, 2025
- Kim Asendorf on Breaking His Own Rules, Peter Bauman, March 9, 2026
- Kim Asendorf on Elegant Symbiosis, Peter Bauman, January 28, 2025
- Mat Dryhurst on Becoming Infinite, Peter Bauman, October 24, 2024
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 10—On-Chain Era (2020s) with Erick Calderon, Lauren Lee McCarthy, Itzel Yard & Rafael Lozano-Hemmer — listen with transcript on Le Random (02 Sep 2024, 63 min). Chapter 10’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify