Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 8: Tooling Era (2000s)
2002
Golan Levin and Casey Reas, The Art of Code at Bitforms, New York

This exhibition featured Casey Reas’s Tissue, a continuation of Path from the year prior, which today is known as Phototaxis and can be found on Art Blocks. Levin exhibited his interactive work Meshy (1998).
The Art of Code at Bitforms, New York, spotlighted the early software works of Casey Reas and Golan Levin. Reas presented Tissue, an early foray into digital, generative systems with boundless outcomes, later evolving into Phototaxis on Art Blocks, exemplifying the algorithm’s long-form potential. Tissue, incorporating Braitenberg’s “vehicles” can be seen as primitive AI art.
Levin’s Meshy offered an immersive drawing space where user interactions shaped a responsive, animated mesh, evolving with each new line drawn, showcasing the fluidity between artist, audience and digital medium.
The Art of Code was the gallery’s second show, following the Inaugural Exhibition of November 2001, and its first two-person exhibition. bitforms, founded by Steve Sacks to bridge art and technological innovation, became a beacon for code-based art, notably after the release of Processing, invigorating the genre. Over the years, Bitforms has nurtured the art-tech nexus, displaying a spectrum from Beryl Korot’s textiles to Refik Anadol’s quantum computing art.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random, fact-checked September 2026.
Sources
People
Casey Reas, Golan Levin, Refik Anadol, Steve Sacks, Valentino Braitenberg
Movements
generative art
Filed under
- Ideas
- ai art, generative art, interactivity
- Technologies
- artificial intelligence, Braitenberg vehicles, code-based art, long-form generative art, Processing, quantum computing, software art
- People
- Casey Reas, Golan Levin, Refik Anadol, Steve Sacks, Valentino Braitenberg
- Works
- Meshy, Path, Phototaxis, Tissue
- Exhibitions
- The Art of Code
- Organisations
- Art Blocks, bitforms
- Places
- New York
Related moments
- 2020 · Art Blocks Brings Generative Art On Chain
- 2001 · Casey Reas and Ben Fry Initiate Processing Project
Echoes across time
- 2023 · Coded: Art Enters the Computer Age, 1952-1982 at LACMA
- 2022 · Noteworthy Code-Based Work
- 1988 · Roman Verostko with Seminal Article Epigenetic Painting
Le Random editorials
- Golan Levin on the Potentiality of Blobs, Peter Bauman, January 10, 2024
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 2, Peter Bauman, July 5, 2023
- Casey Reas, Lauren Lee McCarthy & Chandler McWilliams on Expanding Software, Peter Bauman, August 20, 2024
- Casey Reas on the History of Generative Art - Part 1, Peter Bauman, June 22, 2023
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 8—Tooling Era (2000s) with Christiane Paul, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer & Golan Levin — listen with transcript on Le Random (15 May 2024, 64 min). Featuring Golan Levin, Casey Reas. Chapter 8’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Elevating the Generative Art Space (Launch Episode) with Casey Reas, ciphrd, Anne Spalter, Anika Meier & Georg Bak — listen with transcript on Le Random (28 Jun 2023, 52 min). Featuring Casey Reas. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- One Year of Le Random — listen with transcript on Le Random (22 Mar 2024, 59 min). Transcript mentions Casey Reas. Apple Podcasts · Spotify