Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1966
9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering at the 69th Regiment Armory

The event that legitimized the use of technology in art, Artist Robert Rauschenberg and engineer Billy Klüver (Bell Labs) organized 9 Evenings to promote artist-engineer collaboration. In just eighteen months, Bell Labs engineers went from experimenting with computer art and showcasing their results in a small gallery without much fanfare (Howard Wise) to this large-scale event at one of New York’s most prestigious spaces. In fact, New York City’s 69th Regiment Armory was home to one of the most famous exhibition in North American history, the 1913 Armory Show, which first introduced modern art to America. It was the first large-scale collaboration between artists, engineers and scientists. 30 engineers and 10 artists staged a series of elaborate interdisciplinary performances. They realized work that would have been unachievable on their own. The artists used state-of-the-art technology such as computers, video cameras, and projectors to create their works. This marked a significant departure from traditional forms of art-making and opened up future possibilities for artists to experiment with technology. The show featured some of the most intrepid artists of the day including Deborah Hay, Lucinda Childs and John Cage. It also increased the awareness of technology’s use in art in the broader artist community. Besides the immense legacy of the show itself, 9 Evenings also directly led to Rauschenberg and Klüver forming Experiments in Art and Technology (EAT). EAT, further promoting artist-engineer collaboration, would change the use of technology to make art irrevocably.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random.
Sources
People
Billy Klüver, Deborah Hay, Howard Wise, John Cage, Lucinda Childs, Robert Rauschenberg
Movements
Chance Dance, generative art, Generative Choreography, Generative Music, Neo-Dada, Performance Art, Technology and Art
Filed under
- Ideas
- art science collaboration, Chance Dance, collaboration, generative art, Generative Choreography, Generative Music, interdisciplinarity, Neo-Dada, Performance Art, Technology and Art
- Technologies
- computer art
- People
- Billy Klüver, Deborah Hay, Howard Wise, John Cage, Lucinda Childs, Robert Rauschenberg
- Works
- Art and Technology
- Exhibitions
- 9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering
- Organisations
- 69th Regiment Armory, Bell Labs, Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.), The Armory Show
- Places
- America, New York
Related moments
- 1966 · Experiments in Art and Technology Founded with EAT News
- 1965 · Computer-Generated Pictures, Howard Wise Gallery
Echoes across time
- 1988 · Computers and Art at the IBM Gallery of Science and Art, New York
- 1987 · Computers and Art, Syracuse: Everson Museum of Art.
- 1990 · Computers and the Creative Process at the University of Oregon Museum of Art
Le Random editorials
Le Random podcast
- Dr. Nancy Perloff on Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) — listen with transcript on Le Random (12 Sep 2024, 48 min). Title mentions: Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.). Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- 2025 Art in Review with thefunnyguys, Conrad House & Peter Bauman — listen with transcript on Le Random (22 Dec 2025, 98 min). Transcript mentions 9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify