Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)

1962

A. Michael Noll Creates some of the First Creative Graphics with a Digital Computer; Terms Phrase Programmer-Artist

Artwork · North America · All-Time Moment · Top Moment

A black line forms an irregular looping mesh of sharp angles on a white photographic print, labeled Gaussian Quadratic below.
A. Michael Noll, Gaussian-Quadratic (1963), from the computer-art experiments he began at Bell Labs in 1962. Photographic print of a computer-generated graphic. © A. Michael Noll; photo © ZKM | Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, photo: Franz J. Wamhof. Image source.

The First Computer Art

Experimenting on the side with computer-generated creative expression while at Bell Labs, Noll avoided calling the works he documented and produced “art.” He referred to them instead as “patterns” in order to avoid controversy. Patterns by 7090, as Noll named them, are among the first known algorithmically generated art on a digital computer.

These are among the first-known digital generative graphics.

These were programmed on FORTRAN with an IBM 7090 mainframe computer. Noll printed the patterns on a Stromberg-Carlson 4020 Microfilm Printer.

In a 1962 Technical Memorandum describing the process and showcasing the pieces, Noll coined the term “programmer-artist.”

In the Technical Memorandum, Noll speculated that with greater study, “the programmer-artist might be better prepared to produce not just haphazard patterns, but ‘true art.’”

Thus, these experiments paved the way for further exploration, particularly at Bell Labs.

Noll would go on to display the work publicly three years later, at the Howard Wise Gallery in April 1965.

Le Random’s Monk Antony has interviewed Dr. Noll about this series and the decade of the ’60s. Listen to Peter Bauman’s interview with A. Michael Noll (transcript).

Image is copyrighted by A. Michael Noll and courtesy of The Anne and Michael Spalter Digital Art Collection.

Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random.

Sources

People

A. Michael Noll, Howard Wise

Movements

computer art, generative art

Filed under

Ideas
Algorithmic Art, artist-programmer, generative art
Technologies
computer art, computer graphics, Fortran, IBM 7090, mainframe computer, Stromberg Carlson SC4020 microfilm recorder
People
A. Michael Noll, Howard Wise
Works
Patterns by 7090
Exhibitions
Programmed
Organisations
Bell Labs, Howard Wise Gallery

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