Generative Art Timeline · Chapter 4: Digital Era (1960s)
1961
Automat und Mensch Kybernetische Tatsachen und Hypothesen by Karl Steinbuch

Steinbuch’s books introduced the concept of “information processing” as a core function of machines and computers. This idea laid the foundation for the development of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. According to Gottfried Jäger, the book “was seminal for my way of thinking.” The book attempted to explain intellectual functions in terms of information transfers and science. Automat und Mensch taught Jäger that “a human brain and a hand weren’t necessary anymore for artistic expression. It could be also a technical apparatus. A camera or a computer were capable of achieving intellectual results.” Thus, the book significantly influenced the way we understand the relationship between humans and machines. Steinbuch’s work helped to shape the field of cybernetics and inspired further research in the field of computer science, leading to the upcoming digital revolution in art.
Text by Peter Bauman. Generative Art Timeline, Le Random.
Sources
People
Gottfried Jäger, Karl Steinbuch
Movements
generative art, generative photography
Filed under
- Ideas
- authorship, automation, cognitive science, computer science, generative art, information processing, photography
- Technologies
- artificial intelligence, cybernetics, generative photography, Processing
- People
- Gottfried Jäger, Karl Steinbuch
- Works
- Automat und Mensch (1965)
- Exhibitions
- Automat und Mensch: A History of AI and Generative Art
Echoes across time
- 1983 · Alyce Kaprow, Fazes
- 1990 · Publications
- 1868 · James Clerk Maxwell publishes his theoretical analysis of Watt’s governor
Le Random editorials
- Gottfried Jäger on a New Kind of Being, Anika Meier, March 2, 2026
Le Random podcast
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt I (1960s) with Dr A Michael Noll — listen with transcript on Le Random (07 Sep 2023, 60 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify
- Timeline Ch 4—Digital Era Pt II (1960s) with Michael Spalter — listen with transcript on Le Random (21 Sep 2023, 77 min). Chapter 4’s episode. Apple Podcasts · Spotify